Archives for September 2025

Bull jumping depiction from Minoan Crete

Summary of Hector in Book 6 of The Iliad

Hector is married to Andromache, and together they have a baby named Astyanax. During the war between the Trojans and the Greeks, Hector comes home from the battlefield and finds his brother Paris staying at the house. Hector convinces Paris to return to the fight, and they prepare to go back together. Before he leaves, Hector’s wife begs him to stay with her and their child, but he refuses, choosing his duty over family.

This shows that Hector is torn between love and duty, but ultimately chooses duty. He is also very brave and honorable, and he values his reputation and responsibility—maybe even too much.

Summary of Hector in Book 6 of The Iliad and Summary of the History of Minoan Crete

The Minoan civilization on the island of Crete began around 3000 BC and lasted until about 1100 BC. It is recognized as one of the first advanced civilizations in Europe, known for its large palace complexes and advanced plumbing systems. Minoan Crete was strongly based on trade, exchanging pottery, frescoes, wine, and other goods with places like Greece, Egypt, and the Near East.

The Minoans developed a written language called Linear A, which has not yet been fully deciphered. Their economy was centered around the palaces, where goods were collected and redistributed. Religion was very important, with many rituals, symbols, and depictions of bull-leaping, though the full meaning of these practices is still debated.

Minoan civilization reached its peak between 2000 and 1400 BC, but afterwards it declined, possibly due to natural disasters such as the Thera volcanic eruption and later invasions by the Mycenaeans from mainland Greece.

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As time goes on, evil spreads across the world. God decides to send a great flood to cleanse it, but He tells Noah—the one righteous man—to build an ark. Noah and his family survive, and afterward God makes a covenant, promising never to destroy the world with a flood again.

Generations later, we meet Jacob. Jacob has many sons, but his favorite is Joseph, the son of his second wife, Rachel. Joseph has dreams that show he will rise above his brothers, which makes them jealous. Out of envy, they sell him into slavery. Joseph ends up in Egypt, sold to Potiphar. There, he’s falsely accused of pursuing Potiphar’s wife and thrown in prison.

While in prison, Joseph interprets dreams. Eventually, Pharaoh himself has troubling dreams, and Joseph is summoned. Joseph explains that the dreams warn of an upcoming famine, and Pharaoh elevates him to second-in-command over Egypt. When the famine strikes, Joseph’s brothers come seeking food. In a dramatic reunion, Joseph forgives them, and his family is saved.

Time passes, and a new Pharaoh arises who does not remember Joseph. Fearing the growing Hebrew people, he enslaves them and orders all newborn Hebrew boys to be killed. One mother hides her baby in a basket and sets him afloat in the Nile. Pharaoh’s daughter finds him and raises him as her own. The baby’s name is Moses.

As an adult, Moses sees an Egyptian overseer beating a Hebrew slave. In anger, Moses kills the overseer and flees into the wilderness. There, God speaks to him through a burning bush, telling him to return to Egypt and demand that Pharaoh release the Hebrews and lead them to the Promised Land.

Pharaoh refuses, so God sends ten plagues upon Egypt. At last, Pharaoh relents and lets the Hebrews go, but then he changes his mind and pursues them. God parts the Red Sea for His people, and the Egyptians are defeated.

Afterward, Moses goes up Mount Sinai, where God gives him the Ten Commandments. But when Moses returns, he finds the people worshipping a golden calf. In anger, he destroys the idol and calls the people back to faithfulness. With God’s guidance, they continue their journey toward the Promised Land.